OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control mechanisms enforce policies to ensure users operate within their intended permissions. Failures in this area typically result in unauthorized information disclosure, data modification or destruction, or the execution of business functions beyond user limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - Security misconfiguration occurs when a system, application, or cloud service is set up incorrectly from a security standpoint, thereby creating exploitable vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These failures involve breakdowns or compromises in the software building, distribution, or updating process. They are frequently caused by vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or dependencies relied upon by the system.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Previous obstacles, such as CPU performance and private key/certificate management, are now mitigated by CPUs with instructions for accelerated encryption (e.g., AES support) and simplified key/certificate management via services like LetsEncrypt.org and integrated cloud vendor solutions. Beyond the transport layer, it is crucial to determine which data requires encryption at rest and which needs additional encryption in transit (application layer, OSI layer 7). For instance, passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets demand enhanced protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or regulations such as the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a flaw that permits attackers to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into a program’s input fields, causing the system to execute them as if they were legitimate components. This can lead to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design is a broad category encompassing various weaknesses, characterized as "missing or ineffective control design." It is distinct from other Top Ten risk categories. It is important to differentiate between insecure design and insecure implementation, as they have different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require different remediation strategies. A secure design may still suffer from implementation defects that lead to exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be resolved by perfect implementation if the necessary security controls were never established to defend against specific attacks. A contributing factor to insecure design is often the lack of business risk profiling for the software or system, leading to an inability to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker successfully tricks a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures relate to code and infrastructure that fail to protect against invalid or untrusted code or data being treated as trusted and valid. An example includes applications relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or content delivery networks (CDNs). Insecure CI/CD pipelines lacking software integrity checks can introduce risks of unauthorized access, malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is CI/CD systems that pull code or artifacts from untrusted locations and/or fail to verify them (e.g., via signature checking) before use.  

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures  - Without robust logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches remain undetectable. Furthermore, without effective alerting, rapid and effective response during security incidents becomes extremely difficult. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting to trigger active responses is a critical failure point.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - This occurs when software fails to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual or unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, or vulnerabilities. This typically involves one or more of the following failures: the application does not prevent the unusual situation, it does not identify it as it occurs, and/or it responds poorly or not at all afterwards.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping

Insecure Design
- Exploration of design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation
- Study of strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, including multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early